and female suffrage
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On 1 December 1931 he overcame the last obstacle to the adoption of the votes of women in Spain. The driving force behind this historical achievement was Clara Campoamor, first deputy in the Cortes of the Second Republic, a member at the time of Alexander's Radical Republican Party Lerroux. Clara Campoamor, an intelligent woman and a fighter, strongly defended his principles: his belief in the Republic and the fight against the injustices that gave his life with passion ("I accused the injustices because they do not want my silence to the acquittal.") Feminist, and above all a humanist, as she was called, was also a politically relegated women not to get into the fight and interests of political parties.
This week English television has broadcast an episode of the series "Clara Campoamor" forgotten women ", inspired by the book The forgotten woman of Isaiah Lafuente. The film, directed by Laura Mana, with script Yolanda García Serrano and Rafa Russo, is located in Spain in 1931, recently proclaimed the Second Republic, where women can be elected as deputies but they seam the right to vote. The first two women deputies faced by the women's vote: Clara Campoamor defends and wins the vote and Victoria Kent proposed for deferral criteria distrust of women immersed in a patriarchal society.
is an interesting series, well set, with good performances, especially that of Elvira Mínguez, who manages to communicate to the audience the strength and commitment of an exceptional woman like Clara Campoamor.
The film had to be shot in the Parliament of Catalonia to the refusal of the Congress of Deputies in Madrid, an event that was described by Isaiah Lafuente as "Obvious injury" to the figure of Clara Campoamor, taking into account that several films were shot in the Chamber ( Colonel Macia, Azaña or last on 23F).
RTVE Documentary (1983) on the figure of Clara Campoamor. Direction, script and editing, Jesús García Dueñas.
Clara Campoamor and some Members
Shortly after the proclamation of the Second English Republic was granted women the vote liability, the possibility of being elected without the right to vote. Three women were appointed deputies: Victoria Kent, Clara Campoamor and Margarita Nelken, of all Clara Campoamor which would play a decisive role in the achievement of female suffrage.
The newly inaugurated Republic was aware of the legal changes that would undertake with respect to a number of issues that aroused great debate: religious-secular; property-communism, women's suffrage, divorce. .. On July 14, 1931 the Constituent Cortes were opened and discussed the voting rights of all English. Women's suffrage is harshly attacked because legal equality would mean the collapse of the patriarchal society. The debate arose as essentially political, that is tactical. Part of the left and the Radical Republican Party Lerroux feared that the vote of women, more influenced by the church, could favor the right. Deputy Alvarez Buylla Radical Party asked to limit the women's vote (the English women voters deserve any kind of respect within that English home who sang Gabriel y Galán, a housewife, that English women, as educators of their children is retarding, is retrograde is not yet separated from the influence the sacristy and confessional and giving women the vote in his hands becomes a political weapon that would destroy the Republic ...").
Clara Campoamor replied to the jokes and insults by some Members (... I say to SS in the first place, I regret that things of this entity and this point can be taken as a basis for indecent and obscene joke. If we were to slide down the way of jest and wit more or less timely I would suggest several limitations for men. I am not going to list, I leave the interpretation of these).
THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN TWO WOMEN PROGRESSIVE
The debate on female sugragio aroused great controversy at the meeting of October 1, 1931 in which it has voted on the item. This time there is confrontation between the two deputies present.
Victoria Kent, on behalf of the Radical Socialists, called the postponement of voting rights of women, strange attitude in an active feminist who fought for the educational and legal changes:
... At this time we will grant or deny the vote to more than half of the English people and need people who feel the Republican fervor, zeal and liberal democratic republican , we get up here to say: it is necessary to postpone the vote for women. It is necessary, Mr Deputies to postpone the vote for women, because I need to see for a change of opinion, mothers in the streets calling for their children schools, I would need to be seen on the streets forbidding mothers to their children to go Morocco, I need to see a united English women all asking what is essential to health and the culture of their children ...
This deputy party discipline holds the view that the woman was not a "political subject" leaving out of life collective folded, then, to those who feared that the Women do not vote for Republican candidates. Victoria Kent had to wait years for the Republic to provide women with the education and culture.
Clara Campoamor, politically incorrect, which proclaims the right of women to vote without relying on their political orientation, answered in these terms (... away I censoring or attacking the comments of my colleague, Miss Kent, I understand, however, the torture of his mind to have seen today in a trance by denying the initial capacity women). Clara Campoamor had to listen to the reasons given by several deputies to reject the vote for women (illiteracy, lack of criteria and even the nature of hysteria and women).
In a contentious and angry environment, Article 34 of the draft constitution was adopted: Citizens of either sex, aged over 23 will have the same voting rights as determined by law. The woman had won the right to universal suffrage in Spain with the votes of the PSOE (opposed by Indalecio Prieto), some right-wing Republicans, small groups Catalan Republican progressives and Service Association of the Republic. Argue against, Action radical republican and socialist (except Clara Campoamor and four other Members.) But this triumph was questioned repeatedly, December 1, proposed an amendment to allow women to vote in municipal elections, and not in general. Repeated arguments are handled and the situation becomes complicated when you remove the right that had supported women's suffrage. Clara Campoamor in his last major speech exposes the root of the problem: "ie condicionáis the votes of women for fear that you will not vote for you. That's all your philosophical content."
The adoption of female suffrage provoked angry attitudes, the same Indalecio Prieto described the incident as "a stab the Republic." On October 2, 1931 the newspaper published Sun:
Gallantry achieved indisputable success. English under which endures for the sake of "what say, despite some Jacobins who shake us. Whatever happens, there is another who claims April 14 will be backward-cute future poets sing in the 1931 sonnets, in which the sons of Spain were played to-face and cross a regime like their women.
Main source: The conspiracy readers of José Antonio Marina and María Teresa Rodríguez de Castro. Anagrama. An interesting and enlightening essay on the role of women in the history of Spain.
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